Optical bore comparator



Nov. 23,l 1937.. P, KLAMP ET AL 2,100,056

OPTICAL BoRE coMPARAToR 'TMA-A "'TOPNEKS N0v- 23, 1937- P. KLAMP ET AL 2,100,050

' v OPTICAL BORE QOMPARATOR OPTI CAL BORE COMPARATOR Filed Nov. 9, 195e s sheets-sheet :s

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Patented Novi. v23, 1937 UNITED STATES OPTICAL BOBE COMPARATOR Pani Klamp and Royal Riehl, Canton, Ohio. assignors to The Tiinken Roller Bearing.r Company, Canton, Ohio. acorporation of Ohio Application November 9, 193s, serial No. 109,842 s claims. (ci. ss-rzsi This invention relates to the gaging of vcylindrical bores for size and out-of-roundness, particularly to a comparator for gaging ot the cylindrical bores of such articles as. the cones or inner bearing members of roller bearings. The invention has as its principal object an optical comparator which is very accurate. whose horn or work supporting member has a very long liie. which eliminates the risk of improper gaging due to movement of the work being gaged, which is quickly adjusted to work of diierent sizes, which is very easily read and which has an optical system for indicating the movements of the gaglng elements. The invention consists in the optical bore comparator and in the parts and combinations and arrangements of parts hereinafter described and claimed.

In'the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specication and wherein like symbols refer to like parts wherever they occur,

Fig. 1 is a front elevation of an optical bore comparator embodying our invention;

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view on the line 2 2 in' Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view on the line 3-3 in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view on the line 4--4 in Fig. 2:

Fig. 5 is a sectional view on the line 5-5 in Fig. 4; A

Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view, on a larger scale, of the work receiving portion of the horn, the dotted lines showing a second gaging position for the work; Fig. I is a sectional view on the line 'I--1 in Fig. 6;

Figs. 8 is a sectional view on the line 8-8 in Fig.

Fig. 9 is an end view of a contact point and the contact pins; and

Fig. 10 is a plan view of the work supporting horn and the directly associated parts.

The comparator of the present invention in` cludes a base I having a hollow standard 2 proiectng vertically from one end thereof and having a horizontally extending bore 3 in which is mounted the enlarged cylindrical base portion 4 of a projecting hollow horn 5 or work receiving member, said horn havingl mounted therein a rotary spindle 6 that is actuated by the work I being gaged and which controls an optical system by which a dark line is thrown on a graduated scale on a translucent screen 8, thus indicating the roundness of the bore of the work and the size thereof relative to the standard for which the comparator is set.

The enlarged base portion 4 of the horn is held in position by means of screws 9 that engage milled-out notches I0 on opposite sides of the 5 horn. Thus the angular position of the horn may be varied by means of said screws 9. The horn is positioned endwise in the base by means of a shoulder I I seated against a front face portion I2 of the base. y 10 Rotatably mounted in the base I, but held against endwise movement, is a rod I3 on which are mounted a stop member I4 and a second stop member I5 spaced rearwardly from said first stop member I4 and arranged at an angle thereto. 15 When the front end portion of the bore of the work 1 is being gaged, the rod I3 is turned so as. to bring said rst stop I4 in position to be engaged by the end of the work, after which the rod I3 is turned to move said irst stop I4 clear of 2o the work and bring the second stop I5 in position to be engaged by the work when moved along the horn, which thus permits gaglng of the rear por- .tion of the bore.

When the work 'I is placed on the horn 5, its 25,

bore is engaged by a pair of diametrically spaced diamond or other contact points I6 which are mounted in complementary pins I'I which together form a cylinder, said pins being L-shaped in section with the base I8 of each L having a iiat end 30 face and being in engagement with the at face of the stem I9 of the other L-shaped pin, the assembled pins thus having a central opening 20. The two pins I1 are mounted in a cross-bore 2| provided therefor inthe horn; and obviously, the 35 pins I1 move in and out depending upon the size of the bore of the work. The contact points I6 are mounted in the exposed outer portions of the bases i8 of the pins,

The spindle 6 that is mounted in the hollow 4o horn 5 has a flattened portion 22 extending through the central opening 20 of the nested contact pins I1 and it has a n 23 on each side extending into a notch 24 'in the inner face of the stem portion I9 'of the adiacent contactpin. 45 Thus, axial movement of said pins I'l under the iniluence of the work causes rotary movement of said spindle. The spindle is steadied by headless screws 23a mounted in cross bores in the horn.

'Ji'he spindle 6 has an extension 25 projecting therefrom through an opening -26 in the base and intr` the hollow standard. Said spindle extension 25 is provided with a cross piece 21, to 2,15

one arm 21a of which is secured the upper end of a spring 28 whose lower end is secured to the base I and to the other arm 21h of which is secured the lower end of a spring 29 whose upper end is secured to a hook 30 that is mounted on the horn supporting portion of the base. These springs tend to rotate the cross piece 21 and the spindle extension 25 and spindle 6 in a direction (clockwise in Fig. 4) 'to force the contact pins I1 and contact points I6 apart, that is radially outward in the horn. A stop screw 3I mounted in said hook 30 engages the upper side of the second arm 21b of the cross piece 21, thus limit# ing the rotary movement thereof. The stop screw 3| is adjusted so that when there is no work on the horn, the contact points I6 will project beyond the surface of the horn 5.

The spindle 6 is positioned endwise by means of an enlarged collar 32 thereon seated in a counterbore 33 in the horn base 4 and held by means of a bushing 34 that is seated in said counterbore 33 Iagainst said collar 32. Said bushing 34 and counterbore -have cooperating threaded portions 35 and a set screw 36 in the horn base 4 engages said bushing 34 to hold it in position.

The end 31 of the spindle fits in a socket 38 in the front end of said spindle extension 25. Said spindle extension 25 has an annular peripheral groove'39 on the portion passing through the opening 26 in the base and a screw 40 mounted in said base engages said groove 39 to position said spindle extension 25 endwise. The spindle and spindle extension are secured together by a thumb screw 4I which engages a attened portion 42 on that part of the spindle 6 that extends into the spindle extension 25.

A concave mirror 43 is mounted on the upper side of the spindle extension 25, being suitably held, as by clips 44 engaging thersides of the mirror 43 and secured to the spindle exten. sion 25 by screws 45. This mirror 43 will reflect upwardly into the standard 2 any light received by it.

The standard 2 is provided with a hollow projecting arm 46 in whose 'open outer end 41 is mounted a pair of plano-convex light condensing lenses 48. A bracket 49 is slidably secured to said arm 46 as by means of a screw 58 extending through a slot 5I in said bracket into said arm 46. The end of said bracket 49 overhangs the end of said arm 46 and is provided with a bore 52 disposed transversely with respect to said arm 26, in which bore a light socket member 53 is slidably mounted, being secured by a set screw 54. A light 55 is mounted in said socket member 53 and a tubular shade 56 for said light has an opening 51 in line with said lenses. The position of the light may be adjusted vertically and laterally.

The standard 2 has an opening 58 disposed angularly with respect to said hollow arm 46 and about on the level thereof, which opening is covered `by a plate 59 that has a bracket 68 projecting therefrom into the standard 2. Said plate 59 has notches 6I in the top and bottom through which extend thumb screws 62 that are threaded into openings in the standard, so that the plate 59 may be adjusted vertically. Disposed to transmit light vertically and secured in said bracket 68 are lenses 63 which magnify the hair line and amplify the swinging movement thereof caused by the tilting of the mirror 43.

A plate 64 is secured to said bracket 68 by means of a screw 65 passing through an elongated hole 66 in said plate 64 so as to permit vertical adjustment ofthe position of said plate. A prism 61 is supported by arms 68 at the bottom of said plate with one face 69 disposed to- .ward the hollow arm 46 and with the other face 18 disposed downwardly in the direction of the concave mirror 43. Thus light passes through the two condensing lenses 48, strikes the opposed face 69 of the prism and is reiiected by the inclined surface 1I oi the prism downwardly through the other face 10 and onto the tiltable concave mirror '43, from whence it is reflected upwardly through the two lenses 63 mounted in the bracket 60. A horizontal blackened hairline 12 is etched on the face 69 of the prism that is disposed toward the hollow arm 46.

Mounted on the top of the hollow standard 2 is a cap 13 that is secured in desired vertical position by means of a set screw 14. Said cap 13 has an angularly disposed portion 15 that is provided with anr opening 16 over which is y mounted a plate 11 as by screws 18. Secured in said plate 11 is a flat rst surface mirror 19 that is in line with light'passing upwardly through the lenses 63 in said bracket. Said cap 13 is also provided with a vertically disposed opening-88 over which is secured the translucent screen 8 as by screws 8| passing through clips 82 that engage said screen 8. A shade or hood 83 may be secured to the top oi said cap 13 to protect the screen 8 from outside light.

A To prepare the comparator for use, the prism 61 is adjusted vertically until it is in line with the center of the condenser lenses 48 and the light 55. justed by moving said cover plate 59 andbracket 6I),- and said lenses 63 are focused so as to produce a clear image .of the hairline on the screen 8. After the magnifying lenses 63 are adjusted, it may be necessary to readjust the prism 61. since The position of the lenses 63 is ad- 1 it is carried by the bracket 68 that supportssaid i lenses.

A master ring having a bore iof the size desired for the articles 1 being gaged is placed on the horn 5, which is then turned by means of the thumb screws 9 until the black line caused by the hairline 12 on the prism 61 is exactly Aon the zero mark of the graduated scale on said screen. Next, a master ring of a known excess diameter, say .001 inch over size, is placed on the horn 4. The scale is graduated in tenths of a thousandth so that the black line should be on the graduation mark I6. If the black line is not on said mark Ill, the cap 13 may be moved up or down and the thumb screws 9 readjusted until the readings are exactly zero and I8 for the two master rings. The comparator is now ready for use and'no further adjustments are required unless work of a different size is to be gaged, in which case, a new horn may be positioned in the base and adjustments made as above described with diierent master rings. Instead of the scale reading from'v zero up, it might read from zero plus and minus.` Preferably, a light bulb is used that operates on a low voltage current.

In gaging the work,` a bearing cone or other work 1 having a cylindrical bore to be gaged is placed on the horn 4 slipping over the two contact points I6 and against the rst stop member I4. Obviously, the contact points will assume a Aposition dependent upon the diameter of the bore of the work and the spindle and spindle extension will be rotated accordingly, causing a correspondspindle extension. Due to ing movement ofthe mirror 43 carried by the the above described optical system, the black line will take a position on a graduation of the scale on the screen 8 corresponding to the diameter of the bore. Rotation of the work on the horn will cause no further movement of the hairline if the bore is accurately round, but if the bore should be out of round, there will obviously be variations in the diameter that will cause movement of thel hairline as the work is rotated. After the front portion of the bore has been gaged, the second stop is moved into position and the work pressed against it, after which the gaging operation is repeated. As the gaging movement depends upon relative movement as between the two contact points, it is obvious that pushing on the work or tilting it merely results in the contact points moving as a unit 'without causing any rotation of the-spindle or movement of the hairline image, so that the reading is accurate, regardless of such mishandling of the work.

Ihe above described comparator eliminates the danger of an inaccurate gaging due to improper handling of the work, it minimizes inaccuracy in gaging due to wear on the horn, it prolongs the life of the horn and it provides a clear reading with a minimum movement of the working parts. The parts may be easily and quickly adjusted for work of a different size and the construction of the contact pins and their arrangement in pairs provides an elongated guide therefor, thus further increasing the accuracy of a gaging operation. Obviously, numerous changes may be made without departing from the invention and we do not wish to be limited to the' precise construction shown.

assembled pins have a v through said central What we claim is:

l. In a bore comparator, a work receiving horn having a longitudinal bore and a diametral bore. a pair of L-shaped pins mounted in said diametral bore, said pins being arranged with the base of one against the stem of the other so that the central opening therethrough, a contact point inthe outer portion of the base of each pin, a spindle mounted in said longitudinal bore ci said horn and extending opening in said nested pins, connections between said pins and said spindle causing rotary movement of said spindle when said pins move endwise relative to each other, indicating devices actuated by movement of said spindle and means forcing said pins outwardly to project said contact points beyond the surface of the horn. 4

2. In a bore comparator, a work receiving horn having a longitudinal bore and a diametral bore, a pair of L-shaped pins mounted in said diametral bore, said pins being arranged with the base wise relative to each other, indicating devices ac` tuated by movement of said spindle and means tending to rotate said spindle in a direction to force said pins outwardly to project said contact points beyond the surface of the horn.

3. In 'a bore comparator, a work receiving horn having a longitudinal bore and a diametralbore, a pair of L-shaped pins mounted in said diametral bore, said pins being arranged with the base of one against the stem of the other so that the assembled pins have a central opening` therethrough, a contact point in the outer portion of the base of each pin, a spindle mounted in said longitudinal bore of said horn and extending through said central opening in said nested pins, the inner faces of the stems of said pins having notches and said spindle having lugs entering said notches thereby causing rotary movement of said spindle when said pins move endwise relative to each other, indicating devices actuated by movement of said spindle and means forcing said pins outwardly to project said contact points beyond the surface of the horn.

4. In a. bore comparator, a work receiving horn having a longitudinal bore and a diametral bore, a pair of pins Islidably mounted in said diametral bore and each extending substantially the full length thereof, Vcontact points at opposite ends of said pins, means forcing said pins outwardly to project said contact points beyond the surface lonly by movement of said pins relative to each other.

5. A bore comparator comprising a base having a bore, to hollow horn having an enlarged cylindrical portion mounted in said bore, said horn having notches on ether side thereof, screws in said base, each engaging one of said notches whereby the angular position of said horn can be adjusted, a pair of diametrically opposed contact points mounted for diametral movement in said horn, a spindle rotatably mounted in said horn and operatively connected with said contact points for actuation by movement thereof relative to each and indicating the movement thereby indicating the size of the bore of mounted on said horn.

PAUL KLAMP.

ROYAL KIEHL.

of said spindle, work 

